ITIN vs. SSN: what you need to know before you file.

If you are new to the United States, you may hear two different numbers mentioned when it's time to file taxes: an SSN and an ITIN. They sound similar, but they are not the same thing. Here is the difference, in plain language.

What is an SSN?

A Social Security Number (SSN) is issued by the Social Security Administration. It's given to U.S. citizens and to certain non-citizens who are authorized to work in the United States. An SSN is used for work, for Social Security benefits, and for filing taxes.

What is an ITIN?

An ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) is issued by the IRS. It's for people who need to file a U.S. tax return, or who are listed on someone else's tax return, but who are not eligible for an SSN. This includes many spouses, dependents, and people filing from certain visa or residency situations.

An ITIN is a tax number only. It is not a Social Security Number, and it does not by itself give you the right to work in the U.S. or change your immigration status. Its only job is to let the IRS process and track a tax return.

How do you apply for an ITIN?

You apply using IRS Form W-7, "Application for IRS Individual Taxpayer Identification Number." This form is usually submitted along with your tax return, together with documents that prove your identity and foreign status. Processing takes time, and it can be slower during busy tax season - check with the IRS or with us for current processing times before you plan around it.

What an ITIN is not

An ITIN does not authorize you to work in the United States. It does not change or confirm your immigration status. It is strictly a number for federal tax filing.

Is it safe to file with an ITIN?

This is one of the most common worries we hear, and it's a fair question. Many people successfully file taxes with an ITIN every year as part of staying in good standing with tax law. We can walk you through exactly what the process involves and what happens to your information, so you can make an informed decision about your own situation.

This is general information, not personalized tax or legal advice. Talk to us about your specific situation.